Hyper-threaded processor allocation to nodes in multi-tenant distributed software systems

ABSTRACT

A mechanism is provided for allocating a hyper-threaded processor to nodes of multi-tenant distributed software systems. Responsive to receiving a request to provision a node of the multi-tenant distributed software system on the host data processing system, a cluster to which the node belongs is identified. Responsive to the node being a second type of node, responsive to determining that another second type of node in the same cluster has been provisioned on the host data processing system, and responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on different physical processors from that of the other second type of node being greater than or equal to the requested number of VPs for the second type of node, the requested number of VPs for the second type of node is allocated each to a different physical processor from that of the other second type of node.

BACKGROUND

The present application relates generally to an improved data processingapparatus and method and more specifically to mechanisms for smartlyallocating a hyper-threaded processor to nodes of multi-tenantdistributed software systems.

Distributed software systems are deployed on more than one host machineor node—each machine or node having one or more processors, memory, and(optionally) persistent storage, such as a hard disk, solid-state drive,or the like. The machines may be physical machines, virtual machines,Linux® containers or the like. The machines or nodes are connected overa network, such as a physical network, virtual network, software definednetwork, or the like. Hadoop is one example of such a distributedclustered software system, as the Hadoop processes are distributed overmultiple machines or nodes, i.e. a cluster of machines or nodes.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described herein in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key factors oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

In one illustrative embodiment, a method, in a data processing system,is provided for allocating a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems. The illustrative embodimentidentifies a cluster to which a node belongs in response to receiving arequest to provision the node of the multi-tenant distributed softwaresystem on the host data processing system. The illustrative embodimentdetermines whether the node is a first type of node or a second type ofnode. The illustrative embodiment determines whether another second typeof node in the same cluster has been provisioned on the host dataprocessing system in response to the node being the second type of node.The illustrative embodiment determines whether a number of unallocatedvirtual processors (VPs) on different physical processors from that ofthe other second type of node is greater than or equal to a requestednumber of VPs for the second type of node in response to determiningthat another second type of node in the same cluster has beenprovisioned on the host data processing system. The illustrativeembodiment allocates the requested number of VPs for the second type ofnode each to a different physical processor from that of the othersecond type of node in response to the number of unallocated VPs ondifferent physical processors from that of the other second type of nodebeing greater than or equal to the requested number of VPs for thesecond type of node.

In other illustrative embodiments, a computer program product comprisinga computer useable or readable medium having a computer readable programis provided. The computer readable program, when executed on a computingdevice, causes the computing device to perform various ones of, andcombinations of, the operations outlined above with regard to the methodillustrative embodiment.

In yet another illustrative embodiment, a system/apparatus is provided.The system/apparatus may comprise one or more processors and a memorycoupled to the one or more processors. The memory may compriseinstructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causethe one or more processors to perform various ones of, and combinationsof, the operations outlined above with regard to the method illustrativeembodiment.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will bedescribed in, or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in theart in view of, the following detailed description of the exampleembodiments of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectivesand advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to thefollowing detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an example diagram of a distributed data processing system inwhich aspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is an example block diagram of a computing device in whichaspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented;

FIG. 3 depicts a functional block diagram of an allocation mechanismthat smartly allocates a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems in accordance with anillustrative embodiment; and

FIGS. 4A-4D depict a flowchart of the operation performed by anallocation mechanism in smartly allocating a hyper-threaded processor tonodes of multi-tenant distributed software systems in accordance with anillustrative embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms for smartly allocating ahyper-threaded processor to nodes of multi-tenant distributed softwaresystems. The illustrative embodiments are applicable to any multi-tenantdistributed software system that has characteristics, such as:

-   -   one large machine divided into multiple virtual machines (VMs)        or containers or any equivalent thereof,    -   where a software process running in each VM or container may        further split the VM into multiple        sub-containers/inner-containers or sub-processing units, such as        a yarn container,    -   where each sub-container runs a part of the job, such as a map        task or reduce task, each task or job needing one or more        processors and memory,    -   where typically a same type of job or task is scheduled on        multiple sub-containers of the outer VM or container and hence        the workload characteristic and timing of using physical        resources across sub-containers/inner level containers is        similar thereby causing resource contention.

As noted previously, distributed software systems include multiple nodesdistributed across multiple physical host machines. Distributed softwaresystems typically have a master/slave architecture including a masternode, which manages the file system namespace and regulates access tofiles by clients, and a set of slave nodes or data nodes that managestorage attached to the nodes that they run on, run jobs on the dataattached to the data node, pull data from other nodes and then run ajob, or the like. When a host machine hosts multiple different clusters,different ones of the master nodes or data nodes are spawned off asvirtual machines (VMs) or containers, such as a Linux® container, adocker container, or the like. These master nodes or data nodes (VMs orcontainers) are allocated to a dedicated set of processors on the hostmachine. If the underlying host machine supports simultaneousmultithreading (SMT), also referred to as hyper-threading, one physicalprocessor may host multiple virtual processors (VPs) with one or moreVPs allocated to any one node (VM or container). Thus, for a distributedsoftware system, each master node/data node (VM or container) isallocated one or more VPs on a physical processor.

In one embodiment, When executing a Big Data job, if two VPs from a samephysical processor are allocated to a node, owing to the nature of BigData job, such an allocation may result in poor performance. Big Data isa term that describes the large volume of data—both structured andunstructured—that inundates a business on a day-to-day basis. Therefore,when a Big Data job is submitted to a cluster, one or more nodes arechosen as candidates to run the job and in each node one or more tasksare scheduled. Typically, each of these tasks has very similarcharacteristics in terms of processor, disk, and input/output (I/O)utilization. If the task is processor intensive, then multiple tasksassigned on a given node will most likely compete for processorutilization. That is, current VP allocation to nodes (VMs or containers)allocated VPs to nodes such that a node of a cluster may have two VPsfrom a same processor allocated.

However, another job scheduled on another node of another clustersharing the same host machine will most likely have different jobcharacteristic or different timing of resource requirement. Thus, theillustrative embodiments provide an allocation mechanism that smartlyallocates a hyper-threaded processor to nodes of multi-tenantdistributed software systems. Hyper-threading was built with theassumption that not all VPs will be operated simultaneously thus,leveraging short gaps between work to be done by different VPs, thephysical processor smartly shares time between two VPs shared by samephysical processor. Hence, in hyper-threaded systems, by allocating VPsfrom different physical processors to each node (VM or container) theallocation mechanisms ensure that multiple simultaneous tasks running ona node of a cluster do not compete for a same physical processor.

Before beginning the discussion of the various aspects of theillustrative embodiments, it should first be appreciated that throughoutthis description the term “mechanism” will be used to refer to elementsof the present invention that perform various operations, functions, andthe like. A “mechanism,” as the term is used herein, may be animplementation of the functions or aspects of the illustrativeembodiments in the form of an apparatus, a procedure, or a computerprogram product. In the case of a procedure, the procedure isimplemented by one or more devices, apparatus, computers, dataprocessing systems, or the like. In the case of a computer programproduct, the logic represented by computer code or instructions embodiedin or on the computer program product is executed by one or morehardware devices in order to implement the functionality or perform theoperations associated with the specific “mechanism.” Thus, themechanisms described herein may be implemented as specialized hardware,software executing on general-purpose hardware, software instructionsstored on a medium such that the instructions are readily executable byspecialized or general-purpose hardware, a procedure or method forexecuting the functions, or a combination of any of the above.

The present description and claims may make use of the terms “a,” “atleast one of,” and “one or more of” with regard to particular featuresand elements of the illustrative embodiments. It should be appreciatedthat these terms and phrases are intended to state that there is atleast one of the particular feature or element present in the particularillustrative embodiment, but that more than one can also be present.That is, these terms/phrases are not intended to limit the descriptionor claims to a single feature/element being present or require that aplurality of such features/elements be present. To the contrary, theseterms/phrases only require at least a single feature/element with thepossibility of a plurality of such features/elements being within thescope of the description and claims.

Moreover, it should be appreciated that the use of the term “engine,” ifused herein with regard to describing embodiments and features of theinvention, is not intended to be limiting of any particularimplementation for accomplishing and/or performing the actions, steps,processes, etc., attributable to and/or performed by the engine. Anengine may be, but is not limited to, software, hardware and/or firmwareor any combination thereof that performs the specified functionsincluding, but not limited to, any use of a general and/or specializedprocessor in combination with appropriate software loaded or stored in amachine readable memory and executed by the processor. Further, any nameassociated with a particular engine is, unless otherwise specified, forpurposes of convenience of reference and not intended to be limiting toa specific implementation. Additionally, any functionality attributed toan engine may be equally performed by multiple engines, incorporatedinto and/or combined with the functionality of another engine of thesame or different type, or distributed across one or more engines ofvarious configurations.

In addition, it should be appreciated that the following descriptionuses a plurality of various examples for various elements of theillustrative embodiments to further illustrate example implementationsof the illustrative embodiments and to aid in the understanding of themechanisms of the illustrative embodiments. These examples intended tobe non-limiting and are not exhaustive of the various possibilities forimplementing the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments. It will beapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the presentdescription that there are many other alternative implementations forthese various elements that may be utilized in addition to, or inreplacement of, the examples provided herein without departing from thespirit and scope of the present invention.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments may be utilized in many differenttypes of data processing environments. In order to provide a context forthe description of the specific elements and functionality of theillustrative embodiments, FIGS. 1 and 2 are provided hereafter asexample environments in which aspects of the illustrative embodimentsmay be implemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1 and 2 are onlyexamples and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation withregard to the environments in which aspects or embodiments of thepresent invention may be implemented. Many modifications to the depictedenvironments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe present invention.

FIG. 1 depicts a pictorial representation of an example distributed dataprocessing system in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments maybe implemented. Distributed data processing system 100 may include anetwork of computers in which aspects of the illustrative embodimentsmay be implemented. The distributed data processing system 100 containsat least one network 102, which is the medium used to providecommunication links between various devices and computers connectedtogether within distributed data processing system 100. The network 102may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, orfiber optic cables.

In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 are connected tonetwork 102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112,and 114 are also connected to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and114 may be, for example, personal computers, network computers, or thelike. In the depicted example, server 104 provides data, such as bootfiles, operating system images, and applications to the clients 110,112, and 114. Clients 110, 112, and 114 are clients to server 104 in thedepicted example. Distributed data processing system 100 may includeadditional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.

In the depicted example, distributed data processing system 100 is theInternet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection ofnetworks and gateways that use the Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicatewith one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone ofhigh-speed data communication lines between major nodes or hostcomputers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental,educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Ofcourse, the distributed data processing system 100 may also beimplemented to include a number of different types of networks, such asfor example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the like. As stated above, FIG. 1 is intended as anexample, not as an architectural limitation for different embodiments ofthe present invention, and therefore, the particular elements shown inFIG. 1 should not be considered limiting with regard to the environmentsin which the illustrative embodiments of the present invention may beimplemented.

As shown in FIG. 1, one or more of the computing devices, e.g., server104, may be specifically configured to implement an allocation mechanismthat smartly allocates a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems. The configuring of thecomputing device may comprise the providing of application specifichardware, firmware, or the like to facilitate the performance of theoperations and generation of the outputs described herein with regard tothe illustrative embodiments. The configuring of the computing devicemay also, or alternatively, comprise the providing of softwareapplications stored in one or more storage devices and loaded intomemory of a computing device, such as server 104, for causing one ormore hardware processors of the computing device to execute the softwareapplications that configure the processors to perform the operations andgenerate the outputs described herein with regard to the illustrativeembodiments. Moreover, any combination of application specific hardware,firmware, software applications executed on hardware, or the like, maybe used without departing from the spirit and scope of the illustrativeembodiments.

It should be appreciated that once the computing device is configured inone of these ways, the computing device becomes a specialized computingdevice specifically configured to implement the mechanisms of theillustrative embodiments and is not a general-purpose computing device.Moreover, as described hereafter, the implementation of the mechanismsof the illustrative embodiments improves the functionality of thecomputing device and provides a useful and concrete result thatfacilitates smartly allocating a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems.

As noted above, the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments utilizespecifically configured computing devices, or data processing systems,to perform the operations for smartly allocating a hyper-threadedprocessor to nodes of multi-tenant distributed software systems. Thesecomputing devices, or data processing systems, may comprise varioushardware elements, which are specifically configured, either throughhardware configuration, software configuration, or a combination ofhardware and software configuration, to implement one or more of thesystems/subsystems described herein. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of justone example data processing system in which aspects of the illustrativeembodiments may be implemented. Data processing system 200 is an exampleof a computer, such as server 104 in FIG. 1, in which computer usablecode or instructions implementing the processes and aspects of theillustrative embodiments of the present invention may be located and/orexecuted so as to achieve the operation, output, and external effects ofthe illustrative embodiments as described herein.

In the depicted example, data processing system 200 employs a hubarchitecture including north bridge and memory controller hub (NB/MCH)202 and south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (SB/ICH) 204.Processing unit 206, main memory 208, and graphics processor 210 areconnected to NB/MCH 202. Graphics processor 210 may be connected toNB/MCH 202 through an accelerated graphics port (AGP).

In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 connectsto SB/ICH 204. Audio adapter 216, keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem222, read only memory (ROM) 224, hard disk drive (HDD) 226, CD-ROM drive230, universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communication ports 232,and PCI/PCIe devices 234 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 238 and bus240. PCI/PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters,add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card buscontroller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flashbasic input/output system (BIOS).

HDD 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 240. HDD226 and CD-ROM drive 230 may use, for example, an integrated driveelectronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA)interface. Super I/O (SIO) device 236 may be connected to SB/ICH 204.

An operating system runs on processing unit 206. The operating systemcoordinates and provides control of various components within the dataprocessing system 200 in FIG. 2. As a client, the operating system maybe a commercially available operating system such as Microsoft® Windows7®. An object-oriented programming system, such as the Java™ programmingsystem, may run in conjunction with the operating system and providescalls to the operating system from Java™ programs or applicationsexecuting on data processing system 200.

As a server, data processing system 200 may be, for example, an IBMeServer™ System P® computer system, Power™ processor based computersystem, or the like, running the Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX®)operating system or the LINUX® operating system. Data processing system200 may be a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system including a pluralityof processors in processing unit 206. Alternatively, a single processorsystem may be employed.

Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programmingsystem, and applications or programs are located on storage devices,such as HDD 226, and may be loaded into main memory 208 for execution byprocessing unit 206. The processes for illustrative embodiments of thepresent invention may be performed by processing unit 206 using computerusable program code, which may be located in a memory such as, forexample, main memory 208, ROM 224, or in one or more peripheral devices226 and 230, for example.

A bus system, such as bus 238 or bus 240 as shown in FIG. 2, may becomprised of one or more buses. Of course, the bus system may beimplemented using any type of communication fabric or architecture thatprovides for a transfer of data between different components or devicesattached to the fabric or architecture. A communication unit, such asmodem 222 or network adapter 212 of FIG. 2, may include one or moredevices used to transmit and receive data. A memory may be, for example,main memory 208, ROM 224, or a cache such as found in NB/MCH 202 in FIG.2.

As mentioned above, in some illustrative embodiments the mechanisms ofthe illustrative embodiments may be implemented as application specifichardware, firmware, or the like, application software stored in astorage device, such as HDD 226 and loaded into memory, such as mainmemory 208, for executed by one or more hardware processors, such asprocessing unit 206, or the like. As such, the computing device shown inFIG. 2 becomes specifically configured to implement the mechanisms ofthe illustrative embodiments and specifically configured to perform theoperations and generate the outputs described hereafter with regard tothe smartly allocating a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware inFIGS. 1 and 2 may vary depending on the implementation. Other internalhardware or peripheral devices, such as flash memory, equivalentnon-volatile memory, or optical disk drives and the like, may be used inaddition to or in place of the hardware depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. Inaddition, the processes of the illustrative embodiments may be appliedto a multiprocessor data processing system, other than the SMP systemmentioned previously, without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

Moreover, the data processing system 200 may take the form of any of anumber of different data processing systems including client computingdevices, server computing devices, a tablet computer, laptop computer,telephone or other communication device, a personal digital assistant(PDA), or the like. In some illustrative examples, data processingsystem 200 may be a portable computing device that is configured withflash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating systemfiles and/or user-generated data, for example. Essentially, dataprocessing system 200 may be any known or later developed dataprocessing system without architectural limitation.

FIG. 3 depicts a functional block diagram of an allocation mechanismthat smartly allocates a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. Data processing system 300, which is a dataprocessing system such as data processing system 100 of FIG. 1,comprises a set of host machines 302 a, 302 b, 302 c, . . . , 302 n thatform a shared infrastructure on which multiple distributed softwaresystems reside. Each distributed software system comprises one masternode and multiple data nodes, which may reside on one host machine, suchas host machine 302 a, or, typically, across multiple host machines,such that, for example, for a particular distributed software systemthat comprises master node and three data nodes, master node 304 resideson host machine 302 a and the data nodes 306, 308 and 310 reside on hostmachines 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c. Each of the master nodes and datanodes are a virtual machine (VM) or a container, such as Linux®container, a docker container, or the like, although otherimplementations are possible without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present invention.

In the depicted example, each of host machines 302 a, 302 b, 302 c, . .. , 302 n include multiple physical processors 312 a, 312 b, 312 c, . .. , 312 n, which, if the underlying host machine supports simultaneousmultithreading (SMT), also referred to as hyper-threading, as is thecase in these illustrative embodiment, each of physical processors 312a, 312 b, 312 c, . . . , 312 n, host multiple virtual processors (VPs).In this example, each of physical processors 312 a, 312 b, 312 c, . . ., 312 n comprise two VPs, although it is recognized that a physicalprocessor may host more than two VPs each without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention. In furtherance to this example, eachof host machines 302 a, 302 b, 302 c, . . . , 302 n comprises twelveprocessors and, when hyper-threading is turned on, each of host machines302 a, 302 b, 302 c, . . . , 302 n would have 24 VPs, labeled VP0-VP23.

As noted previously, current allocation of VP to nodes is done in amanner such that current VP allocation to nodes (VMs or containers)allocates VPs to nodes such that a particular node of a cluster may behave VPs allocated to a same physical processor. For example, usingcurrent allocation implementations, node X of cluster XX is allocatedVP0, VP1, VP2, and VP3 and node Y of cluster YY is allocated VP4, VP5,VP6, and VP7. In this example, when a job is submitted to cluster XX,four tasks are assigned to node X and each of the four tasks is highlyprocessor intensive. If the nodes within cluster XX are configured inthe configuration exemplified above, i.e. node X is allocated VP0, VP1,VP2, and VP3, then each of the four tasks will be assigned to a specificone of VP0, VP1, VP2, and VP3. For example, task 1 to VP0, task 2 toVP1, task 3 to VP2, and task 4 to VP3. Since each task is processorintensive, each task requires a full slice of the processor. However,since VP0 and VP1 belong to physical processor 312 a, a switching occursbetween tasks 1 and 2, thereby affecting the overall performance. Itshould be noted that while all the VPs of cluster X are busy, the VPs ofcluster Y, i.e. VP4, VP5, VP6, and VP7, might not be performing anytasks or less processor intensive tasks, thereby not using two fullphysical processors.

In accordance with the illustrative embodiments, allocation mechanism314 within each of host machines 302 a, 302 b, 302 c, . . . , 302 nallocates VPs to nodes such that any VPs allocated to node(s) of a samecluster are allocated from different physical processors 312 a, 312 b,312 c, . . . , 312 n. Thus, when a node is to be provisioned on theparticular host machine, allocation mechanism 314 identifies the clusterto which the node belongs. Allocation mechanism 314 then determineswhether the node to be provisioned is a master node or a data node. Ifallocation mechanism 314 determines that the node to be provisioned is amaster node, then allocation mechanism 314 allocates the requestednumber of VPs for the master node each to a different physical processorif possible, otherwise to as many different physical processors aspossible. If allocation mechanism 314 determines that the node to beprovisioned is a data node, then allocation mechanism 314 determineswhether another data node in the same cluster has been provisioned onthe host machine. If allocation mechanism 314 determines that anotherdata node in the same cluster has been provisioned, then allocationmechanism 314 allocates the requested number of VPs to the data nodeeach to a different physical processor from those VPs allocated to theother data node if possible, otherwise to as many different physicalprocessors from those VPs allocated to the other data node as possible.

If allocation mechanism 314 determines that another data node in thesame cluster fails to have been provisioned, then allocation mechanism314 determines whether a master node in the same cluster has beenprovisioned on the host machine. If allocation mechanism 314 determinesthat a master node in the same cluster is provisioned on the hostmachine, allocation mechanism 314 allocates the requested number of VPsfor the data node each to a same physical processor from those VPsallocated to the master node if possible, otherwise to as many of thesame physical processors to those VPs allocated to the master node aspossible. If allocation mechanism 314 determines that a master node inthe same cluster fails to be provisioned on the host machine, thenallocation mechanism 314 allocates the requested number of VPs for thedata node each to a different physical processor if possible, otherwiseto as many different physical processors as possible.

Accordingly, using the previous example, allocation mechanism 314 wouldallocate VP0, VP2, VP4, and VP6 to node X of cluster XX and VP1, VP3,VP5 and VP7 to node Y of cluster YY. Thus, when a job is submitted tocluster XX, four tasks are assigned to node X and each of the four tasksis highly processor intensive. If the nodes within cluster XX areconfigured in accordance with the illustrative embodiments, then each ofthe four tasks will be assigned to a specific one of VP0, VP2, VP4, andVP6. Since each task is processor intensive, each task requires a fullslice of the processor, no switching occurs between tasks, and overallperformance is not affected.

With regard to assigning data nodes to the same physical processor asmaster nodes, since tasks are mostly assigned to data nodes and thus VPsallocated to master node perform little processor intensive work, if,during data node provisioning, allocation mechanism 314 determines thata master node in the same cluster is provisioned on the host machine,allocation mechanism 314 may allocate the requested number of VPs forthe data node each to a same physical processor to those VPs allocatedto the master node if possible, otherwise to as many of the samephysical processors to those VPs allocated to the master node aspossible. Thus, for example, allocation mechanism 314 may provision VP0,VP2, VP4, VP6, VP8, VP10, VP12, and VP14 to a master node MX of clusterXX; VP1, VP3, VP5, and VP7 to data node X of cluster node XX; and VP9,VP11, VP13, and VP15 to data node Y of cluster node YY. In yet anotherembodiment, allocation mechanism 314 may reserve all even number VPs formaster nodes and all odd number VPs for data nodes or vice versa.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like,and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

FIGS. 4A-4D depict a flowchart of the operation performed by anallocation mechanism in smartly allocating a hyper-threaded processor tonodes of multi-tenant distributed software systems in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. As the operation begins, the allocationmechanism receives a request to provision a node on a host system inwhich the allocation mechanism resides (step 402). The allocationmechanism identifies a cluster to which the node belongs (step 404). Theallocation mechanism determines whether the node to be provisioned is amaster node or a data node (step 406). If at step 406 the allocationmechanism determines that the node to be provisioned is a master node,the allocation mechanism identifies a number of requested VPs to beprovisioned for the master node (step 408). The allocation mechanismthen determines whether a number of unallocated VPs on differentphysical processors is greater than or equal to the requested number ofVPs for the master node (step 410). If at step 410 the number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors is greater than orequal to the requested number of VPs for the master node, the allocationmechanism allocates the requested number of VPs for the master node eachto a different physical processor (step 412), with the operation endingthereafter. If at step 410 the number of unallocated VPs on differentphysical processors is less than the requested number of VPs for themaster node, the allocation mechanism allocates the requested number ofVPs for the master node to as many different physical processors aspossible (step 414) and allocates the remaining unallocated VPs from therequested number of VPs for the master node to other physical processors(step 416), with the operation ending thereafter.

If at step 406 the allocation mechanism determines that the node to beprovisioned is a data node, identifies a number of requested VPs to beprovisioned for the data node (step 418). The allocation mechanism thendetermines whether another data node in the same cluster has beenprovisioned on the host machine (step 420). If at step 420 theallocation mechanism determines that another data node in the samecluster has been provisioned, allocation mechanism determines whether anumber of unallocated VPs on different physical processors from that ofthe other data node is greater than or equal to the requested number ofVPs for the data node (step 422). If at step 422 the number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors from that of the otherdata node is greater than or equal to the requested number of VPs forthe data node, the allocation mechanism allocates the requested numberof VPs for the data node each to a different physical processor fromthat of the other data node (step 424), with the operation endingthereafter. If at step 422 the number of unallocated VPs on differentphysical processors from that of the other data node is less than therequested number of VPs for the data node, the allocation mechanismallocates the requested number of VPs for the data node to as manydifferent physical processors from that of the other data node aspossible (step 426) and allocates the remaining unallocated VPs from therequested number of VPs for the data node to other physical processors(step 428), with the operation ending thereafter.

If at step 420 the allocation mechanism determines that no other datanode in the same cluster has been provisioned, the allocation mechanismdetermines whether a master node in the same cluster has beenprovisioned on the host machine (step 430). If at step 430 theallocation mechanism determines that a master node in the same clusteris provisioned on the host machine, the allocation mechanism determineswhether a number of unallocated VPs on the same physical processors tothat of the master node is greater than or equal to the requested numberof VPs for the data node (step 432). If at step 432 the number ofunallocated VPs on the same physical processors to that of the masternode is greater than or equal to the requested number of VPs for thedata node, the allocation mechanism allocates the requested number ofVPs for the data node each to a same physical processor from those VPsallocated to the master node (step 434), with the operation endingthereafter. If at step 432 the number of unallocated VPs on the samephysical processors to that of the master is less than the requestednumber of VPs for the data node, the allocation mechanism allocates therequested number of VPs for the data node to as many VPs on the samephysical processors to those VPs allocated to the master node aspossible (436) and allocates the remaining unallocated VPs from therequested number of VPs for the data node to other physical processors(step 438), with the operation ending thereafter.

If at step 430 the allocation mechanism determines that a master node inthe same cluster fails to be provisioned on the host machine, theallocation mechanism determines whether a number of unallocated VPs ondifferent physical processors is greater than or equal to the requestednumber of VPs for the data node (step 440). If at step 440 the number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors is greater than orequal to the requested number of VPs for the data node, the allocationmechanism allocates the requested number of VPs for the data node eachto a different physical processor (step 442), with the operation endingthereafter. If at step 440 the number of unallocated VPs on differentphysical processors is less than the requested number of VPs for thedata node, the allocation mechanism allocates the requested number ofVPs for the data node to as many different physical processors aspossible (step 444), with the operation ending thereafter.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms for smartlyallocates a hyper-threaded processor to nodes of multi-tenantdistributed software systems. Hyper-threading was built with theassumption that not all VPs will be operated simultaneously thus,leveraging short gaps between work to be done by different VPs, thephysical processor smartly shares time between two VPs shared by samephysical processor. Hence in hyper-threaded systems, by allocating VPsfrom different physical processors to each node (VM or container) theallocation mechanisms ensure that multiple simultaneous tasks running ona node of a cluster do not compete for a same physical processor.

As noted above, it should be appreciated that the illustrativeembodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, anentirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardwareand software elements. In one example embodiment, the mechanisms of theillustrative embodiments are implemented in software or program code,which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software,microcode, etc.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a communication bus, such as a system bus,for example. The memory elements can include local memory employedduring actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cachememories which provide temporary storage of at least some program codein order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulkstorage during execution. The memory may be of various types including,but not limited to, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, DRAM, SRAM, Flash memory,solid state memory, and the like.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system eitherdirectly or through intervening wired or wireless I/O interfaces and/orcontrollers, or the like. I/O devices may take many different formsother than conventional keyboards, displays, pointing devices, and thelike, such as for example communication devices coupled through wired orwireless connections including, but not limited to, smart phones, tabletcomputers, touch screen devices, voice recognition devices, and thelike. Any known or later developed I/O device is intended to be withinthe scope of the illustrative embodiments.

Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the dataprocessing system to become coupled to other data processing systems orremote printers or storage devices through intervening private or publicnetworks. Modems, cable modems and Ethernet cards are just a few of thecurrently available types of network adapters for wired communications.Wireless communication based network adapters may also be utilizedincluding, but not limited to, 802.11 a/b/g/n wireless communicationadapters, Bluetooth wireless adapters, and the like. Any known or laterdeveloped network adapters are intended to be within the spirit andscope of the present invention.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposesof illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the invention, the practical application, andto enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand theinvention for various embodiments with various modifications as aresuited to the particular use contemplated. The terminology used hereinwas chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, thepractical application or technical improvement over technologies foundin the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art tounderstand the embodiments disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer program product comprising anon-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computerreadable program for allocating a hyper-threaded processor to nodes ofmulti-tenant distributed software systems stored therein, wherein thecomputer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causesthe computing device to: responsive to receiving a request to provisiona node of the multi-tenant distributed software system on the host dataprocessing system, identify a cluster of nodes to which the nodebelongs; determine whether the node is a first type of node or a secondtype of node; responsive to the node being the second type of node,determine whether another second type of node in the same cluster hasbeen provisioned on the host data processing system; responsive todetermining that another second type of node in the same cluster hasbeen provisioned on the host data processing system, determine whether anumber of unallocated virtual processors (VPs) on different physicalprocessors from that of the other second type of node is greater than orequal to a requested number of VPs for the second type of node;responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on different physicalprocessors from that of the other second type of node being greater thanor equal to the requested number of VPs for the second type of node,allocate the requested number of VPs for the second type of node each toa different physical processor from that of the other second type ofnode; and responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on differentphysical processors from that of the other second type of node beingless than the requested number of VPs for the second type of node,allocate up to the requested number of VPs for the second type of nodeto as many different physical processors as supported by the differentphysical processors from that of the other second type of node; andallocate any remaining unallocated VPs from the requested number of VPsfor the second type of node to other physical processors.
 2. Thecomputer program product of claim 1, wherein the computer readableprogram further causes the computing device to: responsive todetermining that another second type of node in the same cluster failsto be provisioned on the host data processing system, determine whethera first type of node in the same cluster has been provisioned on thehost data processing system; responsive to the determining that thefirst type of node in the same cluster has been provisioned on the hostdata processing system, determine whether a number of unallocated VPs onthe same physical processors to that of the first type of node isgreater than or equal to the requested number of VPs for the second typeof node; and responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on the samephysical processors to that of the first type of node being greater thanor equal to the requested number of VPs for the second type of node,allocate the requested number of VPs for the second type of node each toa same physical processor from those VPs allocated to the first type ofnode.
 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the computerreadable program further causes the computing device to: responsive tothe number of unallocated VPs on the same physical processors to that ofthe first type of node being less than the requested number of VPs forthe second type of node, allocate as many of the requested number of VPsfor the second type of node to the same physical processors of those VPsallocated to the first type of node as possible; and allocate anyremaining unallocated VPs from the requested number of VPs for thesecond type of node to other physical processors.
 4. The computerprogram product of claim 2, wherein the computer readable programfurther causes the computing device to: responsive to the determiningthat the first type of node in the same cluster fails to be provisionedon the host data processing system, determine whether a number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors is greater than orequal to the requested number of VPs for the second type of node;responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on different physicalprocessors being greater than or equal to the requested number of VPsfor the second type of node, allocate the requested number of VPs forthe da second type of ta node each to a different physical processor,and responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on different physicalprocessors being less than the requested number of VPs for the secondtype of node, allocate the requested number of VP for the second type ofnode to as many different physical processors as possible.
 5. Thecomputer program product of claim 1, wherein the computer readableprogram further causes the computing device to: responsive to the nodebeing the first type of node, determine whether a number of unallocatedVPs on different physical processors is greater than or equal to arequested number of VPs for the first type of node; responsive to thenumber of unallocated VPs on different physical processors being greaterthan or equal to the requested number of VPs for the first type of node,allocate the requested number of VPs for the first type of node each toa different physical processor; and responsive to the number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors being less than therequested number of VPs for the first type of node: allocate therequested number of VPs for the first type of node to as many differentphysical processors as possible; and allocate any remaining unallocatedVPs from the requested number of VPs for the first type of node to otherphysical processors.
 6. An apparatus for allocating a hyper-threadedprocessor to nodes of multi-tenant distributed software systemscomprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, whereinthe memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the processor,cause the processor to: responsive to receiving a request to provision anode of the multi-tenant distributed software system on the host dataprocessing system, identify a cluster of nodes to which the nodebelongs; determine whether the node is a first type of node or a secondtype of node; responsive to the node being the second type of node,determine whether another second type of node in the same cluster hasbeen provisioned on the host data processing system; responsive todetermining that another second type of node in the same cluster hasbeen provisioned on the host data processing system, determine whether anumber of unallocated virtual processors (VPs) on different physicalprocessors from that of the other second type of node is greater than orequal to a requested number of VPs for the second type of node;responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on different physicalprocessors from that of the other second type of node being greater thanor equal to the requested number of VPs for the second type of node,allocate the requested number of VPs for the second type of node each toa different physical processor from that of the other second type ofnode; responsive to the number of unallocated VPs on different physicalprocessors from that of the other second type of node being less thanthe requested number of VPs for the second type of node, allocate up tothe requested number of VPs for the second type of node to as manydifferent physical processors as supported by the different physicalprocessors from that of the other second type of node; and allocate anyremaining unallocated VPs from the requested number of VPs for thesecond type of node to other physical processors.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 6, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to:responsive to determining that another second type of node in the samecluster fails to be provisioned on the host data processing system,determine whether a first type of node in the same duster has beenprovisioned on the host data processing system; responsive to thedetermining that the first type of node in the same cluster has beenprovisioned on the host data processing system, determine whether anumber of unallocated VPs on the same physical processors to that of thefirst type of node is greater than or equal to the requested number ofVPs for the second type of node; and responsive to the number ofunallocated VPs on the same physical processors to that of the firsttype of node being greater than or equal to the requested number of VPsfor the second type of node, allocate the requested number of VPs forthe second type of node each to a same physical processor from those VPsallocated to the first type of node.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7,wherein the instructions further cause the processor to: responsive tothe number of unallocated VPs on the same physical processors to that ofthe first type of node being less than the requested number of VPs forthe second type of node, allocate as many of the requested number of VPsfor the second type of node to the same physical processors of those VPsallocated to the first type of node as possible; and allocate anyremaining unallocated VPs from the requested number of VPs for thesecond type of node to other physical processors.
 9. The apparatusproduct of claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the processorto: responsive to the determining that the first type of node in thesame cluster fails to be provisioned on the host data processing system,determine whether a number of unallocated VPs on different physicalprocessors is greater than or equal to the requested number of VPs forthe second type of node; responsive to the number of unallocated VPs ondifferent physical processors being greater than or equal to therequested number of VPs for the second type of node, allocate therequested number of VPs for the da second type of ta node each to adifferent physical processor; and responsive to the number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors being less than therequested number of VPs for the second type of node, allocate therequested number of VP for the second type of node to as many differentphysical processors as possible.
 10. The apparatus of claim 6, whereinthe instructions further cause the processor to: responsive to the nodebeing the first type of node, determine whether a number of unallocatedVPs on different physical processors is greater than or equal to arequested number of VPs for the first type of node; responsive to thenumber of unallocated VPs on different physical processors being greaterthan or equal to the requested number of VPs for the first type of node,allocate the requested number of VPs for the first type of node each toa different physical processor; and responsive to the number ofunallocated VPs on different physical processors being less than therequested number of VPs for the first type of node: allocate therequested number of VPs for the first type of node to as many differentphysical processors as possible; and allocate any remaining unallocatedVPs from the requested number of VPs for the first type of node to otherphysical processors.